After more than a decade at CMS Albiñana & Suárez de Lezo, Teresa Minguez moved in-house to become executive legal director and general counsel at Porsche Ibérica. Combined with her governance roles at the Ilustre Colegio de la Abogacía de Madrid and ACC Europe, this gives her a unique lens on Europe’s structural volatility – and on why integrating legal judgement into board decision-making is a governance imperative
European organisations are facing unprecedented instability. How is this changing the role of the legal function in supporting boards and governance?
Volatility is no longer an episodic disruption for European organisations. It has become a structural condition. Geopolitical fragmentation, regulatory divergence across jurisdictions, supply-chain exposure, technological dependence and reputational risk now intersect in ways that defy linear planning and traditional risk frameworks.
What were once labelled ‘Black Swan’ events, rare, unpredictable, high-impact shocks, have become recurrent. For boards, the critical question is no longer whether the next crisis will emerge, but whether governance structures are equipped to operate when precedent, models and even regulation provide only partial guidance.
In this environment, legal judgement is no longer a supporting function. It is a core governance capability.
If disruption is now constant rather than episodic, what does that mean for how boards assess and manage risk? How does the legal function contribute to that process?
Boards increasingly face situations where legal permissibility does not equate to organisational legitimacy. Sanctions regimes, ESG-related scrutiny, divergent national enforcement practices and shifting societal expectations often place organisations in scenarios where the law answers, ‘Can we?,’ but not ‘Should we?,’ nor ‘What will this mean for your credibility across markets and stakeholders?’
This gap between legality and legitimacy is particularly acute in Europe, where organisations operate across multiple jurisdictions and under heightened scrutiny from regulators, investors, employees and civil society. Navigating these tensions requires more than technical compliance. It requires governance judgement.
European corporate governance has traditionally been grounded in compliance and regulatory certainty. As that is no longer sufficient, what does it require from legal leaders today?
The role of the general counsel has evolved decisively in recent years. European general counsels operate at the intersection of law, strategy and institutional integrity, with a panoramic view of regulatory risk, stakeholder expectations and long-term value.
At board level, this perspective is indispensable. In moments of disruption, the general counsel’s contribution extends far beyond legal analysis. It involves structuring complex information for decision-makers, clarifying cross-border implications, and helping boards understand not only the immediate legal exposure, but the longer-term institutional consequences of their choices.
This dual focus, immediate decision-making and future accountability, mirrors the fiduciary responsibilities of the board itself. It is precisely why legal insight belongs at the centre of board deliberations, not at the periphery.
How is this environment changing the role of the general counsel at board level when the rulebooks don’t provide clear answers?
The most difficult decisions rarely arise in areas of clear prohibition. They emerge in grey zones, where EU and national frameworks are evolving, fragmented or silent, and where expectations are shaped as much by societal norms as by formal obligations.
In these circumstances, ethics should not be treated as an abstract moral overlay, nor as a subset of compliance. Ethics function as a governance tool: they protect the organisation’s licence to operate and preserve trust across diverse European stakeholder landscapes.
In this context, boards increasingly rely on the general counsel to articulate not only legal risk, but also the ethical, reputational and institutional dimensions of strategic decisions. The quality of this guidance often determines whether an organisation navigates crisis with its credibility intact or emerges fundamentally weakened.
Transparency, consistency and principled reasoning brought to the table by in-house counsel become strategic assets. They enable boards to take defensible decisions even when outcomes are contested.
You describe legal governance as a driver of resilience. How can organisations embed this more effectively into their structures?
Resilient European organisations are not defined by their ability to avoid disruption, but by their capacity to absorb shocks without compromising values or strategic direction. This resilience is built through governance structures that encourage informed challenge, cross-functional dialogue and clear accountability at board level.
Legal insight plays a central role in this architecture. Properly embedded, it acts as an integrative force, connecting risk management, compliance, finance and strategy, and ensuring that decisions are assessed through a long-term, institutional lens.
Equally important is learning. Each crisis exposes weaknesses in governance and decision-making. Capturing these lessons and embedding them into board processes is essential to strengthening resilience over time.
Looking ahead, what will effective board leadership in Europe require as uncertainty becomes permanent. What role should legal expertise play within it?
As uncertainty becomes a permanent feature of the European business environment, the distinction between legal leadership and governance leadership continues to narrow. Boards need voices that are comfortable operating without complete information, that understand fiduciary responsibility in its broadest sense, and that can weigh legal, ethical and strategic considerations with equal rigour.
In this context, legal expertise is not an auxiliary function of the board. It is foundational. The general counsels brings judgement, institutional memory and a long-term perspective that no predictive model can replace.
When the next ‘Black Swan’ arrives, and it will, European boards will be defined not by the sophistication of their forecasts, but by the quality of their governance. Ensuring that legal minds have a seat at the table is no longer optional. It is a governance imperative.


